Different Types of Steel and Grades Used in Construction


Steel is created from iron ore, a naturally occurring compound of iron, oxygen, and other minerals. Steel is made from mined raw materials that are then processed into steel in one of two ways: a blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace or an electric arc furnace. 

There are a variety of steel types and alloys, each with its own set of attributes. Check out the different types of steel and their grades used in construction

Steel is a low-carbon iron-carbon alloy with 1% manganese and trace quantities of silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, and oxygen. Steel is the world’s most commonly produced engineering and construction material. There are a variety of steel types and alloys, each with its own set of attributes that make them well-suited to various industrial goals. Some steels are hard and strong, while others are ductile and adaptive.

The Four Type Of Steel

Steel is graded as a way of categorizing it into 4 groups: carbon, alloy, stainless, and tool steel.


1. Carbon Steel-

Carbon Steels apart from carbon and iron, have only trace amounts of other components. This group is the most common, accounting for 90 percent of steel production. Low Carbon Steels/Mild Steels (up to 0.3 percent carbon), Medium Carbon Steels (0.3–0.6 percent carbon), and High Carbon Steels (more than 0.6 percent carbon) are the three subgroups of carbon steel, depending on the quantity of carbon in the metal.

2. Alloy Steel-

Alloy steels contain different quantities of alloying elements (such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium, and aluminum) to manage qualities such as hardenability, corrosion resistance, strength, formability, weldability, and ductility. Pipelines, vehicle parts, transformers, power generators, and electric motors are all examples of applications where alloy steel is used.

3. Stainless Steels-

They are renowned for their superior corrosion resistance and include 10–20 percent chromium as an alloying element. Medical equipment, pipes, cutting tools, and food processing equipment all use these steels.

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